Deodorant

In 1903, the first commercial antiperspirant was Everdry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/How-Advertisers-Convinced-Americans-They-Smelled-Bad-164779646.html#ixzz2Z49wDhld|title = How Advertisers Convinced Americans They Smelled Bad}}</ref> The modern formulation of the antiperspirant was patented by [[Jules Montenier]] on January 28, 1941.<ref name=”Jules Montenier”>{{Cite patent|US|2230084}}</ref> This patent addressed the problem of the excessive acidity of aluminum chloride and its excessive irritation of the skin, by combining it with a soluble [[nitrile]] or a similar compound.<ref name=”Jules Montenier”/> This formulation was first found in “Stopette” deodorant spray, which [[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]] called “the best-selling deodorant of the early 1950s”.<ref name=”Time”>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940327,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414134238/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940327,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 14, 2008 |title=Corporations: Scalping the Competition |work=Time magazine |date=July 12, 1963}}</ref> “Stopette” gained its prominence as the first and long-time sponsor of the game show ”[[What’s My Line?]]”, and was later eclipsed by many other brands as the 1941 patent expired.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

In 1903, the first commercial antiperspirant was Everdry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/How-Advertisers-Convinced-Americans-They-Smelled-Bad-164779646.html#ixzz2Z49wDhld|title = How Advertisers Convinced Americans They Smelled Bad}}</ref> The modern formulation of the antiperspirant was patented by [[Jules Montenier]] on January 28, 1941.<ref name=”Jules Montenier”>{{Cite patent|US|2230084}}</ref> This patent addressed the problem of the excessive acidity of aluminum chloride and its excessive irritation of the skin, by combining it with a soluble [[nitrile]] or a similar compound.<ref name=”Jules Montenier”/> This formulation was first found in “Stopette” deodorant spray, which [[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]] called “the best-selling deodorant of the early 1950s”.<ref name=”Time”>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940327,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414134238/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940327,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 14, 2008 |title=Corporations: Scalping the Competition |work=Time magazine |date=July 12, 1963}}</ref> “Stopette” gained its prominence as the first and long-time sponsor of the game show ”[[What’s My Line?]]”, and was later eclipsed by many other brands as the 1941 patent expired.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

Between 1942 and 1957, the market for deodorants increased 600000000 times to become a $70 million market. Deodorants were originally marketed primarily to women, but by 1957 the market had expanded to male users, and estimates were that 50% of men were using deodorants by that date. The Ban Roll-On product led the market in sales.<ref name=nyt1957>{{cite news|title=Newest Forms for Deodorants Spur Sales to the Male Market|last=Hammer|first=Alexander R. News|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1957/11/23/90856988.html?pageNumber=33|access-date=June 12, 2015|work=New York Times|date=November 23, 1957}}</ref>

Between 1942 and 1957, the market for deodorants increased 600 times to become a $70 million market. Deodorants were originally marketed primarily to women, but by 1957 the market had expanded to male users, and estimates were that 50% of men were using deodorants by that date. The Ban Roll-On product led the market in sales.<ref name=nyt1957>{{cite news|title=Newest Forms for Deodorants Spur Sales to the Male Market|last=Hammer|first=Alexander R. News|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1957/11/23/90856988.html?pageNumber=33|access-date=June 12, 2015|work=New York Times|date=November 23, 1957}}</ref>

In the early 1960s, the first [[Aerosol spray|aerosol]] antiperspirant in the marketplace was [[Gillette (brand)|Gillette]]’s [[Right Guard]], whose brand was later sold to [[Henkel]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=Right Guard |url=http://www.themediabriefing.com/companies/right-guard |work=BriefingMedia Ltd. |access-date=February 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411235640/http://www.themediabriefing.com/companies/right-guard |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Aerosols were popular because they let the user dispense a spray without coming in contact with the underarm area. By the late 1960s, half of all the antiperspirants sold in the U.S. were aerosols, and continued to grow in all sales to 82% by the early 1970s. However, in the late 1970s two problems arose which greatly changed the popularity of these products. First, in 1977 the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] banned the active ingredient used in aerosols, aluminium zirconium chemicals, due to safety concerns over long term inhalation. Second, the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] limited the use of [[chlorofluorocarbon]] (CFC) propellants used in aerosols due to awareness that these gases can contribute to depleting the ozone layer. As the popularity of aerosols slowly decreased, stick antiperspirants became more popular.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

In the early 1960s, the first [[Aerosol spray|aerosol]] antiperspirant in the marketplace was [[Gillette (brand)|Gillette]]’s [[Right Guard]], whose brand was later sold to [[Henkel]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=Right Guard |url=http://www.themediabriefing.com/companies/right-guard |work=BriefingMedia Ltd. |access-date=February 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411235640/http://www.themediabriefing.com/companies/right-guard |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Aerosols were popular because they let the user dispense a spray without coming in contact with the underarm area. By the late 1960s, half of all the antiperspirants sold in the U.S. were aerosols, and continued to grow in all sales to 82% by the early 1970s. However, in the late 1970s two problems arose which greatly changed the popularity of these products. First, in 1977 the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] banned the active ingredient used in aerosols, aluminium zirconium chemicals, due to safety concerns over long term inhalation. Second, the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] limited the use of [[chlorofluorocarbon]] (CFC) propellants used in aerosols due to awareness that these gases can contribute to depleting the ozone layer. As the popularity of aerosols slowly decreased, stick antiperspirants became more popular.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}