Short descr.
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{{Short description|Village in Cumbria, England}}
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{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
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{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
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==Governance==
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==Governance==
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Wreay was
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Wreay was once a [[civil parish]], In 1931 it had a population of 131.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10119777/cube/TOT_POP |title=Population Statistics Wreay Ch/CP through time |publisher=Vision of Britain |accessdate=23 November 2018}}</ref> It was incorporated in 1934 into the parish of [[St Cuthbert Without]] and in 1974 into the [[City of Carlisle]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10119777 |title=Relationships and changes Wreay Ch/CP through time |publisher=Vision of Britain |accessdate=23 November 2018}}</ref>
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Wreay is in the [[United Kingdom Parliament constituencies|parliamentary constituency]] of [[Penrith and The Border (UK Parliament constituency)|Penrith and the Border]]. [[Neil Hudson (politician)|Neil Hudson]] was elected its Conservative [[Member of Parliament]] at the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 General Election]], replacing [[Rory Stewart]].
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Wreay is in the [[United Kingdom Parliament constituencies|parliamentary constituency]] of [[Penrith and The Border (UK Parliament constituency)|Penrith and the Border]]. [[Neil Hudson (politician)|Neil Hudson]] was elected its Conservative [[Member of Parliament]] at the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 General Election]], replacing [[Rory Stewart]].
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Wreay is noted for [[St Mary’s Church (Wreay)|St Mary’s Church]], an adjacent mausoleum, and a copy of the 7th-century [[Bewcastle Cross]].
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Wreay is noted for [[St Mary’s Church (Wreay)|St Mary’s Church]], an adjacent mausoleum, and a copy of the 7th-century [[Bewcastle Cross]].
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The church, designed and built in [[basilica]] form in 1840–1842 by the local landowner [[Sara Losh|Sara or Sarah Losh]] and the stonemason William Hindson, exhibits an original style which she called “early [[Anglo-Saxon architecture|Saxon]] or modified [[Lombard architecture|Lombard]]”. It makes striking use of carved plant and animal motifs. As the church website points out, “St Mary’s embodies many of the attributes of the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]] and yet predates it by some 50 years.”<ref name=”St Mary’s” >St Mary’s Church, Wreay. [http://www.stmaryswreay.org/the_church.html Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref> The carvings embody symbolism that “refers to death, rebirth and eternity, drawing upon Christian, pagan and personal references.<ref name=”St Mary’s”
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The church, designed and built in [[basilica]] form in 1840–1842 by the local landowner [[Sara Losh|Sara or Sarah Losh]] and the stonemason William Hindson, exhibits an original style which she called “early [[Anglo-Saxon architecture|Saxon]] or modified [[Lombard architecture|Lombard]]”. It makes striking use of carved plant and animal motifs. As the church website points out, “St Mary’s embodies many of the attributes of the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]] and yet predates it by some 50 years.”<ref name=”St Mary’s” >St Mary’s Church, Wreay. [http://www.stmaryswreay.org/the_church.html Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref> The carvings embody symbolism that “refers to death, rebirth and eternity, drawing upon Christian, pagan and personal references.<ref name=”St Mary’s”/> It is a Grade II* listed building.<ref>British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-77610-church-of-st-mary-st-cuthbert-without-cum Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref> The church replaced a small medieval chapel on a different site, which had become dilapidated by the 1830s.<ref name=”St Mary’s”/><ref>[[Jenny Uglow|Uglow, Jenny]] (2012): ”The Pinecone” (London: Faber) {{ISBN|978-0-571-269501}}; [[Rosemary Hill]]: “Against Michelangelo”, ”London Review of Books”, 11 October 2012 (reviewing Uglow’s book); English Lakes. [http://www.english-lakes.com/wreay.htm Retrieved 20 October 2012.]; Visit Cumbria. http://www.visitcumbria.com/car/wreay.htm Retrieved 15 October 2012.]</ref> Recent repairs and restoration of the church have involved relaying sandstone roof slabs, internal redecoration, installing a new heating and lighting system, and constructing a new vestry.<ref>Architects Plus. [http://www.architectsplus.co.uk/st-marys-church-wreay-cumbria Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref> The church received a private visit from HRH [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince Charles]] in 2009.<ref>English Lakes…</ref>
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Near the church is a Grade II listed mausoleum designed and erected by Sara Losh in 1850 in memory of her sister Katharine (1787–1817).<ref name=”Listed” >British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-77611-wreay-churchyard-losh-mausoleum-st-cuthbe Retrieved 29 January 2017.]</ref> Plans to restore this chapel of rest were announced in 2012.<ref>BBC News. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-18708231 Retrieved 15 October 2012.]; British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-77609-mortuary-chapel-st-cuthbert-without-cumbr Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref> It contains a white marble statue of Katherine Losh, carved by a local sculptor, David Dunbar (1793–1866).<ref>Book description: [http://www.bookscumbria.com/cgi-bin/trolleyed_public.cgi?action=showprod_8892 Retrieved 29 January 2017.]</ref><ref name=”Listed”
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Near the church is a Grade II listed mausoleum designed and erected by Sara Losh in 1850 in memory of her sister Katharine (1787–1817).<ref name=”Listed” >British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-77611-wreay-churchyard-losh-mausoleum-st-cuthbe Retrieved 29 January 2017.]</ref> Plans to restore this chapel of rest were announced in 2012.<ref>BBC News. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-18708231 Retrieved 15 October 2012.]; British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-77609-mortuary-chapel-st-cuthbert-without-cumbr Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref> It contains a white marble statue of Katherine Losh, carved by a local sculptor, David Dunbar (1793–1866).<ref>Book description: [http://www.bookscumbria.com/cgi-bin/trolleyed_public.cgi?action=showprod_8892 Retrieved 29 January 2017.]</ref><ref name=”Listed”/> Next to it is a Grade II listed reconstruction of the Saxon Bewcastle Cross, erected by Sara Losh around 1835, possibly in memory of her parents, John and Isabella Losh,<ref>British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-77612-cross-in-wreay-churchyard-st-cuthbert-wit Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref> but with an inscription apparently referring to the recent loss of her sister.<ref>S. Matthews, 2007. ”Sarah Losh and Wreay Church”; Bookcase, Carlisle.</ref> Also by Sara Losh is the Grade II listed sexton’s cottage.<ref>British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-77608-sexton-s-cottage-st-cuthbert-without-cumb Retrieved 20 October 2012.]</ref>
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==Heritage==
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==Heritage==
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Scalescheugh Hall, which stands outside the village near to the [[A6 road (England)|A6 road]] dates from 1746 and was enlarged in 1913–1914. It was many years a residential home for [[cerebral palsy]] sufferers and has since been converted into apartments though the building suffered a large fire in September 2019.<ref>British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-492155-scalesceugh-hall-st-cuthbert-without-cum Retrieved 20 October 2012.] The Grade II listing includes the note, “There is no physical evidence for the 1684 date over the archway to the farmhouse, and this may refer to references to the family. The house was built in 1913 to 1914 for John R Harrison by the Glasgow architect Alexander N Paterson.”</ref> There are the remains of a Roman fort at Park Farm House half a mile NE of the village, to the west of the Roman road from [[York]] to Carlisle.<ref>Visit Cumbria…</ref>
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Scalescheugh Hall, which stands outside the village near to the [[A6 road (England)|A6 road]] dates from 1746 and was enlarged in 1913–1914. It was many years a residential home for [[cerebral palsy]] sufferers and has since been converted into apartments though the building suffered a large fire in September 2019.<ref>British Listed Buildings. [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-492155-scalesceugh-hall-st-cuthbert-without-cum Retrieved 20 October 2012.] The Grade II listing includes the note, “There is no physical evidence for the 1684 date over the archway to the farmhouse, and this may refer to references to the family. The house was built in 1913 to 1914 for John R Harrison by the Glasgow architect Alexander N Paterson.”</ref> There are the remains of a Roman fort at Park Farm House half a mile NE of the village, to the west of the Roman road from [[York]] to Carlisle.<ref>Visit Cumbria…</ref>
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The pub restaurant, the ”Plough Inn”, has been the meeting place at [[Candlemas]] since the 1660s of local trustees known as the Twelve Men of Wreay. Originally local landowners, they contributed to the upkeep of the church, appointed and paid the salary of the priest-cum-schoolmaster, and acted as guardians of the poor. The Twelve, who second new members as required, still meet annually. Traditionally they would eat a meal of bread, cheese, oatcake, butter and ale, smoke long clay pipes, tell tales of bygone days, and sing songs.<ref name=”Plough”
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The pub restaurant, the ”Plough Inn”, has been the meeting place at [[Candlemas]] since the 1660s of local trustees known as the Twelve Men of Wreay. Originally local landowners, they contributed to the upkeep of the church, appointed and paid the salary of the priest-cum-schoolmaster, and acted as guardians of the poor. The Twelve, who second new members as required, still meet annually. Traditionally they would eat a meal of bread, cheese, oatcake, butter and ale, smoke long clay pipes, tell tales of bygone days, and sing songs.<ref name=”Plough”/> The institution of the Twelve Men was the subject of a local television report in 2011.<ref>BBC News Cumbria. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-13393942 Retrieved 15 October 2012.]</ref>
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Visitors to the ”Plough” on Shrove Tuesday 1790 were the local landowner and industrialist John Losh (died 1814), father of Sara and resident at the mansion of Woodside, three miles up the road, [[Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk]], Losh’s brother [[James Losh|James]], and his cousin Joseph Liddell. They began the custom of annually electing a Mayor of Wreay, but this was abolished 90 years later due to rowdyism.<ref>The Plough Inn…</ref>
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Visitors to the ”Plough” on Shrove Tuesday 1790 were the local landowner and industrialist John Losh (died 1814), father of Sara and resident at the mansion of Woodside, three miles up the road, [[Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk]], Losh’s brother [[James Losh|James]], and his cousin Joseph Liddell. They began the custom of annually electing a Mayor of Wreay, but this was abolished 90 years later due to rowdyism.<ref>The Plough Inn…</ref>
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