Išēmiskā sirds slimība

{{Medicīniskais brīdinājums}}

{{Medicīniskais brīdinājums}}

{{noformējums+}}

{{noformējums+}}

{{Infobox medical condition

| name = Išēmiskā sirds slimība

| image = Blausen 0257 CoronaryArtery Plaque.png

| caption = Ilustrācija, kas attēlo aterosklerozi koronārajā artērijā

| field = [[Kardioloģija]], [[sirds ķirurģija]]

| synonyms = Aterosklerozes sirds slimība,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronary heart disease – causes, symptoms, prevention|url=https://www.southerncross.co.nz/AboutTheGroup/HealthResources/MedicalLibrary/tabid/178/vw/1/ItemID/191|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303085351/https://www.southerncross.co.nz/AboutTheGroup/HealthResources/MedicalLibrary/tabid/178/vw/1/ItemID/191/|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2014|website=Southern Cross Healthcare Group|access-date=15 September 2013}}</ref> aterosklerozes asinsvadu slimība,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Faxon DP, Creager MA, Smith SC, Pasternak RC, Olin JW, Bettmann MA, Criqui MH, Milani RV, Loscalzo J, Kaufman JA, Jones DW, Pearce WH | display-authors = 6 | title = Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference: Executive summary: Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference proceeding for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the American Heart Association | journal = Circulation | volume = 109 | issue = 21 | pages = 2595–604 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15173041 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.0000128517.52533.DB | doi-access = free }}</ref> koronārā sirds slimība<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|007115|Coronary heart disease}}</ref>

| symptoms = [[Sāpes krūtīs]], [[elpas trūkums]]<ref name=HLB2014>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs|access-date=23 February 2015|date=29 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224034615/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs|archive-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>

| complications = [[Sirdskaite]], [[Sirds aritmija]], miokarda infarkts (sirdstrieka), [[kardiogēns šoks]], [[sirdsdarbības apstāšanās]]<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm|access-date=23 February 2015|date=12 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302152003/http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm|archive-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>

| causes = Koronāro artēriju [[ateroskleroze]]<ref name=WHO2011>{{cite book | veditors = Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B |year=2011 |title=Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control |publisher=World Health Organization |hdl=10665/44701 |isbn=978-92-4-156437-3 |pages=3–18 }}</ref>

| risks = Augsts asinsspiediens, tabakas smēķēšana, cukura diabēts, vingrinājumu trūkums, [[aptaukošanās]], [[hiperholesterinēmija|augsts holesterīna līmenis asinīs]]<ref name=WHO2011/><ref name=Meh2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mehta PK, Wei J, Wenger NK | title = Ischemic heart disease in women: a focus on risk factors | journal = Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 140–51 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25453985 | pmc = 4336825 | doi = 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005 }}</ref>

| diagnosis = [[Elektrokardiogramma]], [[sirds stresa tests]], [[datortomogrāfijas koronarogrāfija]], [[Koronārā kateterizācija|koronārā angiogramma]]<ref name=NIH2014Diag>{{cite web|title=How Is Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/diagnosis|access-date=25 February 2015|date=29 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224070406/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/diagnosis|archive-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>

| prevention = [[Veselīgs uzturs]], regulāras fiziskās aktivitātes, veselīga svara saglabāšana, nesmēķēšana<ref name=HLB2013P>{{cite web|title=How Can Coronary Heart Disease Be Prevented or Delayed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/prevention|access-date=25 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224105151/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/prevention|archive-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>

| treatment = [[Perkutāna koronārā iejaukšanās]] (PCI), [[koronāro artēriju šuntēšanas operācija]] (CABG)<ref name=HLB2013Tr>{{cite web|title=How Is Coronary Heart Disease Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/treatment|access-date=25 February 2015|date=29 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224093945/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/treatment|archive-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>

| medication = [[Aspirīns]], [[beta blokators]], [[Nitroglicerīna lietošana medicīnā| nitroglicerīns]], [[statīni]]<ref name=HLB2013Tr/>

| frequency = 110 miljoni (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 | last1 = Vos | first1 = Theo | last2 = Allen | first2 = Christine | last3 = Arora | first3 = Megha | last4 = Barber | first4 = Ryan M. | last5 = Bhutta | first5 = Zulfiqar A. | last6 = Brown | first6 = Alexandria | last7 = Carter | first7 = Austin | last8 = Casey | first8 = Daniel C. | last9 = Charlson | first9 = Fiona J. | last10 = Chen | first10 = Alan Z. | last11 = Coggeshall | first11 = Megan | last12 = Cornaby | first12 = Leslie | last13 = Dandona | first13 = Lalit | last14 = Dicker | first14 = Daniel J. | last15 = Dilegge | first15 = Tina | last16 = Erskine | first16 = Holly E. | last17 = Ferrari | first17 = Alize J. | last18 = Fitzmaurice | first18 = Christina | last19 = Fleming | first19 = Tom | last20 = Forouzanfar | first20 = Mohammad H. | last21 = Fullman | first21 = Nancy | last22 = Gething | first22 = Peter W. | last23 = Goldberg | first23 = Ellen M. | last24 = Graetz | first24 = Nicholas | last25 = Haagsma | first25 = Juanita A. | last26 = Hay | first26 = Simon I. | last27 = Johnson | first27 = Catherine O. | last28 = Kassebaum | first28 = Nicholas J. | last29 = Kawashima | first29 = Toana | last30 = Kemmer | first30 = Laura | display-authors = 1 }}</ref>

| deaths = 8.9 miljoni (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 | last1 = Wang | first1 = Haidong | last2 = Naghavi | first2 = Mohsen | last3 = Allen | first3 = Christine | last4 = Barber | first4 = Ryan M. | last5 = Bhutta | first5 = Zulfiqar A. | last6 = Carter | first6 = Austin | last7 = Casey | first7 = Daniel C. | last8 = Charlson | first8 = Fiona J. | last9 = Chen | first9 = Alan Zian | last10 = Coates | first10 = Matthew M. | last11 = Coggeshall | first11 = Megan | last12 = Dandona | first12 = Lalit | last13 = Dicker | first13 = Daniel J. | last14 = Erskine | first14 = Holly E. | last15 = Ferrari | first15 = Alize J. | last16 = Fitzmaurice | first16 = Christina | last17 = Foreman | first17 = Kyle | last18 = Forouzanfar | first18 = Mohammad H. | last19 = Fraser | first19 = Maya S. | last20 = Fullman | first20 = Nancy | last21 = Gething | first21 = Peter W. | last22 = Goldberg | first22 = Ellen M. | last23 = Graetz | first23 = Nicholas | last24 = Haagsma | first24 = Juanita A. | last25 = Hay | first25 = Simon I. | last26 = Huynh | first26 = Chantal | last27 = Johnson | first27 = Catherine O. | last28 = Kassebaum | first28 = Nicholas J. | last29 = Kinfu | first29 = Yohannes | last30 = Kulikoff | first30 = Xie Rachel | display-authors = 1 }}</ref>

}}

”’Išēmiskā sirds slimība”’ ir patoloģiskas pārmaiņas sirdī, ko izraisījusi miokarda išēmija — nepietiekama oksigenētu asiņu perfūzija miokardā. Išēmija apzīmē ne tikai nepietiekamu [[miokards|miokarda]] apgādi ar [[skābeklis|skābekli]], bet arī barības vielu nepietiekamību un nepietiekamu metabolisma gala produktu aizvadīšanu. Izolēta hipoksēmija (samazināts skābekļa transports asinīs), ko ir izraisījusi cianotiska iedzimta sirds slimība, smaga anēmija vai progresējoša plaušu slimība ir mazāk kaitīga nekā išēmija, jo perfūzija tiek saglabāta.

”’Išēmiskā sirds slimība”’ ir patoloģiskas pārmaiņas sirdī, ko izraisījusi miokarda išēmija — nepietiekama oksigenētu asiņu perfūzija miokardā. Išēmija apzīmē ne tikai nepietiekamu [[miokards|miokarda]] apgādi ar [[skābeklis|skābekli]], bet arī barības vielu nepietiekamību un nepietiekamu metabolisma gala produktu aizvadīšanu. Izolēta hipoksēmija (samazināts skābekļa transports asinīs), ko ir izraisījusi cianotiska iedzimta sirds slimība, smaga anēmija vai progresējoša plaušu slimība ir mazāk kaitīga nekā išēmija, jo perfūzija tiek saglabāta.

{{medicīna-aizmetnis}}

{{medicīna-aizmetnis}}

== Atsauces ==

{{Atsauces}}

[[Kategorija:Sirds un asinsvadu slimības]]

[[Kategorija:Sirds un asinsvadu slimības]]