Iraqi Turkmen

}}

}}

The ”’Iraqi Turkmens”’ (also spelled as ”’Turkoman”’ and ”’Turcoman”’; {{lang-tr|Irak Türkmenleri}}), also referred to as ”’Iraqi Turks”’,<ref>{{citation |last=Demirci|first=Fazil|year=1991|title=The Iraqi Turks Yesterday and Today|publisher=Turkish Historical Society Printing Press|isbn=9759544326}}</ref> ”’Turkish-Iraqis”’,<ref>{{citation|last=Cuthell|first=David|year=2007|title=Turkey Eyes Iraq|journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs|publisher=[[Georgetown University Press]]|page=66|volume=8|issue=2}}</ref> or the ”’Iraqi-Turkish minority”’,<ref>{{citation |title=Kirkuk|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/kirkuk.htm|publisher=[[GlobalSecurity.org]]|quote=Ankara had strongly opposed Iraqi Kurdish aspirations to take control of Kirkuk, arguing it belongs as much to the Iraqi Turkish minority.}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|تركمان العراق}}; {{lang-tr|Irak Türkleri}}) are [[Iraqis]] of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] origin who adhere to a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] heritage and identity.<ref name=”Triana”>{{Harvnb|Triana|2017|p=168}}: “Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq’s 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.”</ref><ref name=Bassem2016>{{cite web|last=Bassem|first=Wassim|year=2016|title=Iraq’s Turkmens call for independent province|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/turkmens-iraq-mosul-tal-afar.html|publisher=[[Al-Monitor]]|quote=Iraqi Turkmens, who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins, have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul, located in the center of the Ninevah province…Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912130041/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2016/10/turkmens-iraq-mosul-tal-afar.html|archive-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Iraqi Turkmens are the descendants of the Ottoman soldiers, traders and civil servants who were brought into Iraq from [[Anatolia]] during the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=”Taylor 2004 loc=31″ /><ref name=”Jawhar 2010 loc=314″ /><ref name=”International Crisis Group” /> Iraqi Turkmen share genetic and linguistic ties with [[Turkish people]] in [[Turkey]] and [[Syrian Turkmen]], but do not identify themselves with the [[Turkmens|Turkmen]] of [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Central Asia]].<ref name=”TheNewYorkTimes”>{{cite news|author=The New York Times|author-link=The New York Times|year=2015|title=Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/25/world/middleeast/who-are-the-turkmens-of-syria.html?_r=1|url-status=live|access-date=3 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114085556/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/25/world/middleeast/who-are-the-turkmens-of-syria.html?_r=1|archive-date=14 January 2017|quote=In the context of Syria, though, the term [“Turkmen”] is used somewhat differently, to refer mainly to people of Turkish heritage whose families migrated to Syria from Anatolia during the centuries of the Ottoman period — and thus would be closer kin to the Turks of Turkey than to the Turkmens of Central Asia…Q. How many are there? A. No reliable figures are available, and estimates on the number of Turkmens in Syria and nearby countries vary widely, from the hundreds of thousands up to 3 million or more.}}</ref><ref name=Peyrouse2015 /> The Iraqi Turkmens form the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after the [[Arabs]] and [[Kurds]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sadik|2009|p=13}}: “the Turkmen are Iraq’s third-largest ethnic group after the Arabs and Kurds”</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Barker|2012|p=23}}: “The Turkish-speaking Turkmen are the third-largest ethnic group in Iraq after the Arabs and the Kurds.”</ref><ref name=”Triana” />

The ”’Iraqi Turkmens”’ (also spelled as ”’Turkoman”’ and ”’Turcoman”’; {{lang-tr|Irak Türkmenleri}}), also referred to as ”’Iraqi Turks”’,<ref>{{citation |last=Demirci|first=Fazil|year=1991|title=The Iraqi Turks Yesterday and Today|publisher=Turkish Historical Society Printing Press|isbn=9759544326}}</ref> ”’Turkish-Iraqis”’,<ref>{{citation|last=Cuthell|first=David|year=2007|title=Turkey Eyes Iraq|journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs|publisher=[[Georgetown University Press]]|page=66|volume=8|issue=2}}</ref> or the ”’Iraqi-Turkish minority”’,<ref>{{citation |title=Kirkuk|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/kirkuk.htm|publisher=[[GlobalSecurity.org]]|quote=Ankara had strongly opposed Iraqi Kurdish aspirations to take control of Kirkuk, arguing it belongs as much to the Iraqi Turkish minority.}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|تركمان العراق}}; {{lang-tr|Irak Türkleri}}) are [[Iraqis]] of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] origin who adhere to a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] heritage and identity.<ref name=”Triana”>{{Harvnb|Triana|2017|p=168}}: “Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq’s 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.”</ref><ref name=Bassem2016>{{cite web|last=Bassem|first=Wassim|year=2016|title=Iraq’s Turkmens call for independent province|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/turkmens-iraq-mosul-tal-afar.html|publisher=[[Al-Monitor]]|quote=Iraqi Turkmens, who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins, have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul, located in the center of the Ninevah province…Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912130041/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2016/10/turkmens-iraq-mosul-tal-afar.html|archive-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Whilst Turkic migration to Iraq began in the 7th century, followed by the Selkjuk conquest of 1055, today most Iraqi Turkmens are the descendants of the Ottoman soldiers, traders and civil servants who were brought into Iraq from [[Anatolia]] during the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire]] (1535–1919).<ref name=”Taylor 2004 loc=31″ /><ref name=”Jawhar 2010 loc=314″ /><ref name=”International Crisis Group” /> Iraqi Turkmen share genetic and linguistic ties with [[Turkish people]] in [[Turkey]] and [[Syrian Turkmen]], but do not identify themselves with the [[Turkmens|Turkmen]] of [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Central Asia]].<ref name=”TheNewYorkTimes”>{{cite news|author=The New York Times|author-link=The New York Times|year=2015|title=Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/25/world/middleeast/who-are-the-turkmens-of-syria.html?_r=1|url-status=live|access-date=3 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114085556/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/25/world/middleeast/who-are-the-turkmens-of-syria.html?_r=1|archive-date=14 January 2017|quote=In the context of Syria, though, the term [“Turkmen”] is used somewhat differently, to refer mainly to people of Turkish heritage whose families migrated to Syria from Anatolia during the centuries of the Ottoman period — and thus would be closer kin to the Turks of Turkey than to the Turkmens of Central Asia…Q. How many are there? A. No reliable figures are available, and estimates on the number of Turkmens in Syria and nearby countries vary widely, from the hundreds of thousands up to 3 million or more.}}</ref><ref name=Peyrouse2015 /> The Iraqi Turkmens form the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after the [[Arabs]] and [[Kurds]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Sadik|2009|p=13}}: “the Turkmen are Iraq’s third-largest ethnic group after the Arabs and Kurds”</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Barker|2012|p=23}}: “The Turkish-speaking Turkmen are the third-largest ethnic group in Iraq after the Arabs and the Kurds.”</ref><ref name=”Triana” />

==Ethnonyms==

==Ethnonyms==