History of the Romani people

In addition to their own native [[Balkan Romani]], some Muslim Romani groups adopted the Turkish language, and deny their real Roma origin, and consider themselves as Turks. Other Muslim Romani gropus adopted the Albanian language or one of the many South Slavic dialects, some mixed the language and create a Para-Romani, and others gradually forgot their mother tongue, and only speak the language of the majority population. Genetic studies showed that Muslim Roma received male Y-DNA from Turkish and Tatar men. That means over the centuries there have been intermingled Muslim Roma women with Turkish and Crimean Tatar Men.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bánfai |first1=Zsolt |last2=Melegh |first2=Béla I. |last3=Sümegi |first3=Katalin |last4=Hadzsiev |first4=Kinga |last5=Miseta |first5=Attila |last6=Kásler |first6=Miklós |last7=Melegh |first7=Béla |title=Revealing the Genetic Impact of the Ottoman Occupation on Ethnic Groups of East-Central Europe and on the Roma Population of the Area |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |date=13 June 2019 |volume=10 |page=558 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2019.00558 |pmid=31263480 |pmc=6585392 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The Dom and Lom people also lived in the Ottoman Empire. Turkey is the only country where Romani, Domari and Lom people live in.

In addition to their own native [[Balkan Romani]], some Muslim Romani groups adopted the Turkish language, and deny their real Roma origin, and consider themselves as Turks. Other Muslim Romani gropus adopted the Albanian language or one of the many South Slavic dialects, some mixed the language and create a Para-Romani, and others gradually forgot their mother tongue, and only speak the language of the majority population. Genetic studies showed that Muslim Roma received male Y-DNA from Turkish and Tatar men. That means over the centuries there have been intermingled Muslim Roma women with Turkish and Crimean Tatar Men.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bánfai |first1=Zsolt |last2=Melegh |first2=Béla I. |last3=Sümegi |first3=Katalin |last4=Hadzsiev |first4=Kinga |last5=Miseta |first5=Attila |last6=Kásler |first6=Miklós |last7=Melegh |first7=Béla |title=Revealing the Genetic Impact of the Ottoman Occupation on Ethnic Groups of East-Central Europe and on the Roma Population of the Area |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |date=13 June 2019 |volume=10 |page=558 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2019.00558 |pmid=31263480 |pmc=6585392 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The Dom and Lom people also lived in the Ottoman Empire. Turkey is the only country where Romani, Domari and Lom people live in.

===Forced Assimilation===

===Forced assimilation===

In 1758, [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] began a program of assimilation to turn Romanies into ”ujmagyar” (new Hungarians). The government built permanent huts to replace mobile tents, forbade travel, and forcefully removed children from their parents to be fostered by non-Romani.<ref name=”kenrick”/> By 1894, the majority of Romanies counted in a Hungarian national census were sedentary. In 1830, Romani children in [[Nordhausen, Thuringia|Nordhausen]] were taken from their families to be fostered by Germans.<ref name=”kenrick”/>

In 1758, [[Maria Theresa of Austria]] began a program of assimilation to turn Romanies into ”ujmagyar” (new Hungarians). The government built permanent huts to replace mobile tents, forbade travel, and forcefully removed children from their parents to be fostered by non-Romani.<ref name=”kenrick”/> By 1894, the majority of Romanies counted in a Hungarian national census were sedentary. In 1830, Romani children in [[Nordhausen, Thuringia|Nordhausen]] were taken from their families to be fostered by Germans.<ref name=”kenrick”/>